Arthritis

A large number of systemic pathologies can lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life, complete loss of performance and even severe disability.Diseases associated with the muscular -Skeletal system occur not only in old age.Any case 2-3 is observed in working age patients.The most dangerous and weak suitable for correction is arthrosis.

This degenerative disease is associated with the thinning of the cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a decrease in amplitude of movements and pronounced pain when trying to perform them.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only as a result of the appointment of adequate treatment in the early stages of the development of the disease.In this article we will discover the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern methods of diagnosing and treatment of arthrosis.

Prevalence of arthrosis

Paying attention to statistical indicators, it can be concluded that arthritis is a very important disease, and every year the frequency of its occurrence is growing alone.According to the World Health Organization, pathology is observed in seven percent of the planet's population.This puts it first in the frequency of detection compared to other disorders of the muscular system.

Arthrosis is a chronic disease of non-inflammatory etiology joints, leading to deformities in affected areas

Often the degeneration of the cartilage is observed in young people, most often it can be found in men.In young girls, interpreted arthrosis is often detected.Upon reaching the age of fifty, the frequency of the lesion and the localization of the focus become approximately the same for representatives of both sexes and is approximately 60%.

From the data presented, it can be understood that it is extremely important to identify the pathology in the early stages for the most effective medication therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of launched arthrosis will be inaccessible to most elderly patients in relation to the financial ingredient.

Causes and risk factors for arthrosis development

The frequency of the occurrence of the common disease presented has led to the fact that the problem is acute in medical circles of highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent on arthritis studies leading clinics each year.The gradual study of the problem made it possible to detect the pathogenesis of the process and the factors that can increase the possibility of the onset of the disease.

The modern and more complete classification of joint degeneration will be presented below, at this stage it is sufficient to understand that primary and secondary forms are distinguished.

The reasons that may lead to the development of a joint secondary disease include the following:

• congenital changes associated with blood supply to the articular joints;
• damage to cartilage, ligament apparatus or bone growth areas;
• violations associated with metabolism, especially with a mineral connection;
• autoimmune pathology;
• infections affecting bone tissue;
• hemophilia.

Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop as a result of the influence of such provocative factors:

• elderly age;
• the presence of excess body weight;
• excessive physical activity;
• Surgical intervention in union;
• genetic predisposition;
• insufficient alimentary intake of calcium and other minerals;
• chronic intoxication;
• long and frequent stay at low temperatures;
• Frequent bone joint injury.

Mechanism of arthrosis development

Normal bone bonding consists of two or more heads of joint, ligamentous apparatus, cartilage and synovial fluid.All of these structures provide mobility to a certain area of the painless skeletal system without pain, they also allow the load taken by walking and jumping, distributing it without causing damage to the body.

Arthrosis of the joints belongs to a group of diseases of poletiological origin.This means that most often the cause of development is the impact of a whole complex of causes, including professional, overweight, elderly damage and malnutrition.The pathogenesis is that certain impacts lead to a significant deterioration in the blood supply and lymph flow from the specified area.

Further, chondrocytes lose the ability for rapid regeneration and products of a normal amount of intraarticular fluid, which reduces the friction of surfaces during movement.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to bathe under the influence of pressure during active body movements.

Gradually, the compensatory tissue capabilities are depleted and a layer of chondrocytes is gradually wiped.When degeneration reaches the bones, pronounced pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient can completely lose the ability for active movement and even preserve his needs independently.

Symptoms of arthrosis

The person does not discover what arthrosis is, the disease begins gradually and does not indicate itself in the early stages.Over time, the patient notes the appearance of minor pain without a certain localization, which has grown up against the backdrop of a significant physical exercise.Increasing degeneration leads to the fact that the pains appear in small movements and gain a clear place.

The least obvious symptoms of developing arthrosis include:

• Pain "hurts" in case of weather;
• cramp when moving;
• morning rigidity;
• muscle cramps.

With a deep cartilage lesion, there are signs that show local inflammation, such as swelling, rash and a local increase in temperature.If a person does not seek help from a doctor, symptoms progress and begin to appear not only in the background of physical exercise but also at rest.

Adjustment of a layer of chondrocytes leads to joint deformity and a violation of normal limb function.When feeling the pathological concentration, the patient will mark the most painful points.Moreover, the edge of the cartilage will thicken significantly along its edge, which will indicate compensatory hypertrophy.

Pain

A large number of violations in the area of bone joints leads to certain difficulties in the process of differential diagnosis.However, after appreciating the nature of the pain, arthritis can be distinguished from arthritis of another etiology.In the state described, they feel painful sensations, as a rule, when trying to perform active movements.Its intensity will gradually increase when you try to increase the load on the damaged joint.

The clinical photograph described corresponds to the first stage of the process.In the second and third phases of progress, the pain also appears in a state of full rest, you can only stop them by giving them a comfortable limb position.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain, which does not disappear when the position is changed, and also intensifies at night.

Sowarity of the Union

The destruction of the natural cartilage structure causes the active spread of the chondroblasts, but each polypotent cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is called a compensatory buffer.This means that after a certain amount of mitotic divisions, the cell dies and can no longer reproduce its type.

After some time, this causes a change in the normal form of the common gap, the appearance of the so -called "Christ" or the results in its river and vacation.This phenomenon only exacerbates the process, as the points formed during the destruction process cause additional damage during movement.

Due to the change in the softness of the articular surface, the appearance of tuberosity and irregularities, the amplitude of active and passive movements is significantly reduced.This symptom is most often the patient to seek medical help.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of medication treatment becomes very low, only the correction of the surgical joints can correct the situation.

Characteristics include:

• High probability of developing "contracting" or complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limbs;
• Stock is observed throughout the day, and not just in the morning, as in arthritis;
• In some cases, the limbs should be faded by hand to give it a more appropriate position.

Sounds in union

Many have heard a characteristic "fresh" sound when cooking the joints.There is a theory that in a healthy person this phenomenon is observed when pressure in the bone fusion capsule in the capsule changes, as a result, the density of synovial fluid changes dramatically and gas bubbles, which are quickly expanded and exploded, creating a appearance of crust.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with arthritis a similar sound appears as a result of other processes.

The crystal jump was formed during the destruction of the joint and the joint lip, leading to the formation of cracks and renewing the ligaments.Even an inexperienced person will be able to distinguish the sound in joining arthritis - it is more rough and "dry".The severity and volume of the prescribed symptom is directly proportional to the stage of the disease.

The specifics of sounds in arthritis are:

• Their presence only in the stunning node;
• Always accompanied by a deterioration of mobility;
• Expenditure progresses in the later stages of the disease.

Changing the view of the union

In the initial stages of arthrosis development, the process does not lead to a change in the form of bone fusion.A noticeable change can only be observed with a neglected disease, when one part of the joint is completely wiped out, and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area grows significantly and loses its natural form.The specified symptom is extremely unfavorable, as the presence of deformation in the region, for example, the knee or hip joint, will invariably lead to changes in the area of low structures due to the displacement of the applied load axis.

Types and stages of arthrosis

The modern classification of arthritis is highly branched, due to the wide list of possible localization of pathological focus.

For the ease of communication between specialists of different medical centers and even places in the issue of diagnosing and treating this disease, the main ones are distinguished:

• arthritis of the hands;
• cervix;
• ankle;
• knees;
• polyarthrosis;
• hip;
• spine

When making a diagnosis, a very important stage is precisely the exact determination of the destructive process phase.The stages of arthritis development are distinguished:

Stage 1 - there are not entirely significant changes in the form of fusion, the concerns are observed in the biochemical composition of intra -articular fluid, an insignificant pain syndrome appears, complemented by inflammatory manifestations in the joint.

Stage 2 - a degenerative process is observed in the cartilage fabric, the "Christ" forms, the stiffness and the important pain syndrome during the movements are joined.Develops the surrounding muscle joint distribution.

Phase 3 - determines the presence of broad concentrations of cartilage destruction, the shape of the joint is changed, the amplitude of active and passive movements in the limbs is significantly reduced, or completely absent.Often in patients at this stage, contractions develop that completely prohibit movements in the affected area.

Complications

An uncontrolled process of destruction can lead to serious complications that can, in addition to reducing the quality of life, lead to a complete inability to carefully care for himself.

The most difficult includes:

• Complete destruction of the merger cartilage tissue;
• Contracting;
• the emergence of hernial extensions in the field of intervertebral discs;
• severe patient disability;
• Significant limb deformation.

The treatment of arthrosis

Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn what arthritis is and how to treat it in those stages when a significant effect is no longer possible to achieve a significant effect.It is necessary to get involved in the correction of the condition of the skeletal muscle system after the appearance of the first symptoms and all life.This is due to the fact that the impact of the factors that contribute to the development of the disease is rarely possible to prevent.For example, age -related changes in blood supply and lymph flow from the connection require the continuous use of vascular drugs.Given the pathogenesis, the therapy must be complex and comprehensive.To begin, after the appearance of unpleasant sensations when moving, refer to a rheumatological or traumatologist profile specialist.The doctor, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnosis, will create an accurate diagnosis and will solve the issue of adequate treatment description.

Treatment with medication

In the early stages of arthrosis, you can correct the situation with the help of medicines.For this purpose, such medicines are used:

• adrenal cortex hormones;
• non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs;
• Preparations with chondroprotective effects.

A complex impact makes it possible to save the patient from pain, flattening the inflammatory process and restoring normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.

The latest therapy

Advanced developments in the field of drug treatment led to the creation of new medicines, which are essentially substitutes for synovial natural fluid.Developed molecules can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.Artificial synovial fluid is inserted directly into the joint bag each week.The duration of a course of treatment is 3-5 weeks.Usually, the result achieved is sufficient for a person's normal life for 6-12 months.Patients claim that comfort and quality of life have improved significantly.Unfortunately, this tactic is only applicable to people with 1-2 phase of arthrosis.

Surgical treatment

With high damage to large joints, such as hip or knee, at a relatively young age of up to 60 years, patients are offered surgery for a complete replacement of the joint.Today are used ceramic transplants and titanium that can completely restore lost functions.These devices are quite strong and are able to provide the patient with up to 20 years of life without any problem with moving to replaced joints.

Popular recipes

Non -traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after stopping an acute process, lifelong therapy is required, aimed at restoring and maintaining the natural cartilage structure.To achieve the goals, the products used must be safe and more natural as possible.

Compresses and lotions with a decoction of the following plants are very popular:

• ginger root;
• cinnamon;
• Kalanchoe;
• turmeric;
• Celery

Arthritis

In treating the presented pathology, it is extremely important to provide the body with a constant consumption of nutrients.This can only be achieved if compliance with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements of diet in terms of protein content, fats.To compile the most adequate power circuit, you need to seek help from a nutritionist.From the diet it is necessary to remove rapid carbohydrates and alcohol.The base of the table should be fish, red meat and fresh fruit dishes.

Notably very important to respect the following nutritional rules for arthrosis:

• equilibrium;
• Food 5-6 times a day in small portions;
• Do not eat after 7pm;
• Getting rid of excess body weight.

PREVENTION

There is no specific prevention of arthritis today, due to the poletiological condition.

You can warn the onset of the disease by observing general recommendations:

• proper nutrition;
• Moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
• normalization of body weight;
• Frequent fraction food;
• Compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• Rejecting bad habits.

cONcluSiON

The pathological condition presented by the musculoskeletal system is often observed in older patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of early diagnosis of the disease, as only in this case is it possible to count on a successful result from conservative treatment.The prognosis for the ability to work, subject to early identification and respect for all the doctor's recipes, is favorable.The presence of third phase arthrosis is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and can lead to the patient's complete inability to serve himself.

However, even the most severe form of the disease is regulated with the help of surgical treatment, whose disadvantages are:

• Trauma of surgery;
• high cost;
• Long rehabilitation period;
• Cannot apply to patients over 60 years of age.